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Dream-RSI: Recursive Self-Improvement through Evolving Worlds

arXiv:2609.14858CL14 sep 20261 min readHN ×5PDF

An agent learns to search better by replaying its own past search trees.

162×

fewer agent calls

Agent calls saved on Lasso

Faster Lasso solver found with a tiny fraction of the search budget

What changes

BeforeFixed strategy, live runs
Search agentPast search treeBest solutionAgent callscallsSearch agent: Let's just try everything

Wanders widely, burns calls, solution arrives late

With this paperDreaming over replay
Search agentPast search treeBest solutionAgent callscallsSearch agent: Check the old tree first

Direct route, few calls, solution arrives sooner

How it works

5 steps
Dreaming over ConvDiv kernel explorationIllustrative example

ConvDiv task: 3D convolution on a 128×8×16×64×64 input, divide by 2, max pool, average pool, add bias, sum over channels. Minimize GPU runtime and stay numerically correct.

Online exploration

The current policy sets branching, parallelism and stopping. The unchanged base agent writes and scores candidates, building a tree.

  • Base Discovery Agent
  • Online Exploration
The example here

Round E0 on ConvDiv: the starting policy runs up to 10 workers and 110 attempts. Each writes a kernel, scored in 1/ms. Best is 0.427.

logs tracesdistilledreplaybest versionredeployproposesBase Discovery AgentOnline ExplorationDiscovery TreeReplay Simulator PoolDreaming PolicyImprovementRefined ExplorationPolicy
From the paper